Which coffee variety should I plant? Coffee trees are currently classified as plants with high economic value and are grown in many provinces across the country. Finding the solution to the question of which coffee variety to grow is the first and most important step. Because it affects the techniques of growing and caring for coffee trees and the results of the crop
1/ Coffee variety TR4 – 138
If you are planning to grow coffee and do not know which coffee variety to grow, TR4 robusta coffee is the first choice of farmers. This variety originates from Hoa Thuan commune, DakLak province, and is very suitable for replanting coffee trees.
Characteristics of TR4 coffee seedlings:
The tree has the ability to grow quickly, has many branches, wide canopy, slightly drooping, average height (2-3m). The leaves are lanceolate, about 10-15cm long, young leaves are light green and gradually turn yellow-green when mature. The tree bears fruit, the fruit is red-orange at the core and has an inverted egg shape, 777 fruits for a weight of 1kg. Seeds are medium to large in size.
- Productivity: Average 5-7 tons/hectare.
- Harvest time: From November to December.
- Seed quality: Fresh/kernel ratio of 4.2. Grade 1 seeds reach a value of over 70%, with a caffeine content of 1.68g/100g of dry matter.
- Planting distance: 3×3 m.
Advantages and disadvantages:
The tree has the ability to grow fast and strong, has many secondary branches and is resistant to rust disease. However, the TR4 coffee variety has too many branches, forcing farmers to prune periodically and more often than other varieties. This is also a factor that people need to keep in mind when considering which coffee variety to grow
Reference seedling prices at places selling seedlings:
- Grafted trees cost 6,000-8,000 VND/tree
- Real plants 3,000-5,000 VND/tree
- Seeds cost 400,000-500,000 VND/kg
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2/ Coffee variety TR9 – 414
Coffee variety TR9 is a variety originating from Dak Lak, passed testing and recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. This is a good quality, long-lasting plant variety that is trusted by farmers and is also the second coffee variety that farmers can consider if they still do not know which coffee variety to grow.
Characteristics of TR9 coffee seedlings:
The tree grows fast, has average height, has a wide canopy and many branches. The leaves have a lanceolate shape, and when mature the leaves are bright green. The fruit is medium to large in size. When ripe, the fruit is red in color and has a brittle stem, making it very easy to harvest. TR9 seeds are larger in size than other varieties.
- Productivity: Average 4-7 tons/hectare.
- Harvest time: In December.
- Seed quality: Fresh/kernel ratio is 4.2 to 4.3. Grade 1 seeds reach high values of over 90%.
- Planting distance: 3×3 m.
Advantages and disadvantages:
The tree has the ability to grow quickly and strongly, has many secondary branches, and is resistant to rust and pink fungus. However, the TR9 coffee variety has large fruits and kernels, so it needs to be planted in concentration for convenient harvesting. The tree’s phenotype and growth pattern are not suitable for high-density planting and new types of coffee cultivation
Reference seedling prices at places selling seedlings:
- Grafted trees cost 8,000-10,000 VND/tree
- Real plants 4,000-6,000 VND/tree
- Seeds cost 400,000-500,000 VND/kg
3/ Coffee variety TRS1
TRS1 coffee variety is a variety bred by the Central Highlands Agricultural and Forestry Research and Development Institute. The variety is commonly grown in the Central Highlands due to its disease resistance and good adaptation, quite suitable for the Central Highlands provinces if you have not considered which coffee variety to grow.
Characteristics of TRS1 seedlings:
Has relatively good growth ability, average height, good horizontal branching. The leaves are relatively large in size and dark green when mature. The fruit is oval in shape and red or blood-colored when ripe. Seeds are medium to large in size.
- Productivity: Average 4-6 tons/hectare.
- Harvest time: November and December.
- Seed quality: Fresh/kernel ratio is 4.6. Grade 1 seeds reach high values from 80% to 90%.
- Planting distance: 3×3 m.
Advantages and disadvantages:
The tree has the ability to grow quickly and has many secondary branches. In addition, the tree has good drought tolerance and is resistant to rust and pink fungus, so it is very suitable for people who do not have much experience in disease prevention and treatment and do not know which coffee varieties to grow. However, the TRS1 coffee variety has strong branches, so it is not suitable for high-density planting and multi-stem, drop-shoot farming style.
Reference seedling prices at places selling seedlings:
- Pennywort tree: 1,000 – 2,000 VND/tree
- Real plants 2,500-3,500 VND/tree
- Seeds cost 500,000 VND/kg
4/ Dwarf green coffee variety (Truong Son TS5)
The dwarf green coffee variety originates from Lam Dong province and is certified by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Lam Dong province. The tree has good productivity and disease resistance, so it is trusted by farmers. Being a disease-resistant variety, TS5 is suitable for those who have little experience and do not know which coffee varieties to grow
Characteristics of TS5 seedlings:
Has average height, good branching, relatively drooping branches, abundant fruit, large fruit with thin skin.
- Productivity: Average 6-8 tons/hectare.
- Harvest time: December to January.
- Seed quality: Fresh/kernel ratio from 3.8 to 4. Grade 1 seeds have a high value of approximately 100%.
- Planting distance: 2.8×2.8 m.
Advantages and disadvantages:
The tree has high and stable yields and can be planted at high density. In addition, the tree also has good drought tolerance and is resistant to rust.
Reference seedling prices at places selling seedlings:
- Grafted trees 8,000-10,000 VND/tree
- Seeds cost 600,000 VND/kg
5/ Thuan An Dak Mil vine coffee variety
Thuan An Dak Mil coffee variety originates from Dak Mil district, Dak Nong Province. The variety appeared later but its properties and productivity are not inferior to other coffee varieties, so it is recommended by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for people who do not know which coffee variety to grow.
Tree characteristics:
Thuan An Dak Mil coffee tree seedlings have average height, moderate canopy, relatively drooping branches, bear fruit, large fruits, thin skin and when ripe, they do not fall.
- Productivity: Average 6-8 tons/hectare.
- Harvest time: January to February.
- Seed quality: Fresh/kernel ratio of 4.1. Grade 1 seeds have a high value of approximately 100%.
- Planting distance: 2.8×2.8 m.
Advantages and disadvantages:
The tree has a fast growth rate, high and stable yield. At the same time, the tree has good drought resistance and is resistant to rust and pink fungus. The tree has fruit that does not fall when ripe and is harvested late, so it is convenient for harvesting and preserving.
Reference seedling prices at places selling seedlings:
- Grafted trees: 8,000 – 10,000 VND/seedling
- Real-life plants: 4,000 – 6,000 VND/seedling
- Seeds cost 400,000 VND/kg
6/ Some other coffee varieties
If with the 5 varieties mentioned above, people have not yet chosen and decided which coffee variety to grow, the following 4 coffee tree varieties are also worth considering.
Like Thien Truong coffee
A coffee variety originating from Lam Dong, the variety has the ability to grow strongly and develop stably even on soil mixed with gravel and degraded bauxite soil. Average yield is 5-6 tons/ha, fresh kernel ratio is 3.8 – 4.3kg. However, the Thien Truong variety has poor canopy growth, so it needs regular care and pruning. On the other hand, when ripe, the fruit will easily fall when it rains, so people need to harvest early, concentrate, and quickly, so they also need to consider when they do not have much experience and are wondering which coffee variety to plant.
Like TR5 coffee
A breed bred from the Eakmat Institute. Seedlings have good growth ability, high yield (5 – 7 tons/ha) and are especially resistant to rust disease. This is also a good variety for people who do not know which coffee variety to grow
Same as TS2 coffee
Originating in Bao Loc district, Lam Dong, it is recognized by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Lam Dong province as a high-yield coffee variety with good quality, which can be considered when you do not know which coffee variety to plant and have little experience in caring for it. resistance to rust disease. The tree has high yield (7-10 tons/ha), flexible stems and well developed branches.
Like mango leaf coffee
Originated in Lam Dong and recognized by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. The tree is well adapted to the climatic and soil conditions of the Central Highlands provinces, and has good resistance to rust and pink fungus. The average yield is 7 – 8 tons/ha. Quite suitable for people who don’t know which coffee varieties to grow and don’t have much experience.
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7/ Which coffee variety should I plant?
To answer the question of which coffee variety to grow for cultivation, farmers need to rely on the growing conditions and characteristics of the variety to choose appropriately. For example, the TR4 variety is suitable for growing in hot and humid climates such as the Central Highlands, Dak Lak, Lam Dong, etc. The Thien Truong variety is grown in places with not much rainfall to avoid fruit drop and reduced productivity, etc.
Choosing a variety and answering the question of which coffee variety to plant is the first step and the decisive step to the yield and quality of coffee when harvested. Therefore, farmers need to make appropriate decisions based on the conditions and requirements of varieties and climate, and at the same time choose organic fertilizers such as vermicompost to care for plants and improve soil. .Farmers can use top dressing after harvesting macadamia nuts or apply fertilizer periodically every year to improve the soil
Are Arabica vs Robusta Beans related – HELENA COFFEE
The coffee plant group has been divided and evolved into four different types. Arabica (Eugenioides) and Robusta (Canephora) are two of the four main strains of coffee, along with Liberica and Congensis. All species of organisms on earth have undergone differentiation to create new varieties through genetic mutation and natural selection over thousands of years.
Robusta coffee plants have adapted to environmental conditions in low altitude areas, high climate temperatures and are very resistant to pests and diseases. Meanwhile, Arabica adapts well to altitudes above 900 meters above sea level, low temperatures and is not as resistant to pests as Robusta.
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